Learn how to recognize, treat and prevent low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in diabetes, including the 15-15 rule, causes, symptoms and when urgent medical help is needed.
Thyroid disorders are common and can affect metabolism, energy, heart rate, weight, menstrual health and many other body functions. The most common conditions include hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis and thyroid nodules. What Does the Thyroid Gland Do? The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. It produces thyroid hormones that help regulate…
Levothyroxine is the standard treatment for most patients with primary hypothyroidism. One of the most common questions patients ask is: “My TSH is high or low—should my thyroid medicine dose be changed?” The answer is guided by the TSH level, clinical situation, current levothyroxine dose, adherence, medication timing, other medicines, age, pregnancy status and the…
Diabetes care is no longer focused only on bringing HbA1c down. Modern treatment also considers cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, heart failure, weight, hypoglycemia risk and the person’s preferences. Why HbA1c Is Not the Whole Story HbA1c is an important measure of average glucose, but two people with the same HbA1c may have very different cardiovascular…
SGLT2 inhibitors are an important class of medicines used in type 2 diabetes. Their role extends beyond glucose lowering: in appropriate patients, they can reduce the risk of heart failure and slow progression of chronic kidney disease. How Do SGLT2 Inhibitors Work? These medicines reduce glucose and sodium reabsorption in the kidney, increasing urinary glucose…
Diabetes can affect the kidneys long before symptoms appear. The good news is that kidney risk can often be identified early and addressed with glucose, blood pressure, lipid and kidney-protective treatment. What Should Be Checked? Two key tests are eGFR, estimated from blood creatinine, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Persistent albuminuria or reduced eGFR can…
Can better lifestyle habits help some people with type 2 diabetes use fewer medicines? Learn how nutrition, exercise, weight loss and glucose monitoring can simplify diabetes treatment safely.
Learn how to read a FibroScan report for Fatty Liver: understand CAP score, liver stiffness in kPa, IQR/median, reliability, fibrosis risk and when further evaluation is needed.
Learn about Fatty Liver and MASLD, including causes, symptoms, liver tests, FIB-4, elastography, weight loss, diabetes and treatment.
